- https://www.ginzan-wm.jp/inbound/
- https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/life/bunka/bunkazai/ginzan/multilanguagedisplay/iwamiginzantraditionalchinese.html
- https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/life/bunka/bunkazai/ginzan/multilanguagedisplay/iwamiginzanenglish.html
- 世界遺產 World Heritage – 「銀礦山遺跡及礦山小鎮」、「石見銀山街道」、「港口及港邊小鎮」，其中包括礦山到海岸的運輸道路、2 個港口城鎮，礦山遺跡及豐富的自然環境融為一體而形成的文化景觀 The Heritage Site consists of the remains of the silver mine and the mining town, the mountain transport routes from the mine to the coast, and a port town and harbors. This exemplary cultural landscape-forged by the union between relics of the mine and the abundant natural environment.
- 鼎盛時期日本銀約占世界產銀量的三分之一，其中大部分產自石見銀山，從開採到精煉全部都由人工進行，利用傳統技術生產銀的方式，從銀的挖掘到運出礦山與精煉，冶煉工房、礦山、鄰近聚落、道路與港口，都完整且豐富地保留下來 During its peak it was responsible for one-third of the world’s silver production. The entire mining process at Iwami Ginzan, from digging to refining, was carried out manually, and the concentration of silver smelting refineries near the mines made it possible to yield large quantities of quality silver. These tradational techniques for mining development have been well preserved at Iwami Ginzan. Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine presents an overall picture of mine management from silver production to shipment. There are remains of mines where digging and refining took place, ruins of mountain fortresses to defend the mines against enemies, and two transportation routes connecting the silver mines to ports for transporting silver ore, silver, and materials for the mines.
銀的精鍊過程 Process of Silver Production at Iwami Ginzan
- 挖掘 Digging – 日夜 5 班輪流挖礦，用鑿子挖掘的「銀掘」Workers digged for silver ore in two shifts in the Ryugenji Mabu and was called “kanehori” with a chisel.
- 搬出 Carrying Out Silver Ore – 搬出的工作叫「柄山負」The work of carrying out was called “Garayamaoi”.
- 鏈拵 Crushing & Sifting – 將銀礦石在「拱心石」上敲碎，再放進水中搖晃，把銀篩出 The silver ore is placed on a cornerstone and crushed using a hammer. It is then placed in water and shaked to separate the silver.
- 素吹 Smelting – 將銀礦石加入鉛和錳等溶解，除去浮上的鐵等雜質，製作「貴鉛」，銀和鉛的合金 Lead and manganese are added to fine silver ore and melted. Impurities that rise to the surface are removed, creating an alloy of silver and lead.
- 灰吹、清吹 Refining – 將貴鉛放在「灰吹床」上加熱熔解，把鉛染進灰中，進行分離，讓灰上只留下銀。之後再進行相同作業，提升灰吹銀的純度 The alloy is placed over a bed of coals and melted. The lead of coats and melted. The lead sinks into the coals leaving the silver on top. This process is repeated to increase the purity of the silver.
開創世界規模的重要經濟文化中樞 An economic and cultural exchange of global importance
- 石見銀山豐富的白銀產量，優良的品質及先進的開採技術，日本全國的礦山都使用石見銀山的採銀技術和生產方式，帶來日本歷史上罕見的產銀盛況 Thanks to the mine’s large production of high quality silver, the silver production technique used at Ginzan spread through Japan and were integral in the rise of domestic silver production.
完整保存了傳統採銀技術與各種遺址 The silver production method based on traditional techniques is well preserved in many remaining areas
- 石見銀山的銀從採掘到精練完全依靠手工作業，這些作業的冶鍊場大量集中於銀山當地，迄今仍遺留在銀山中的 900 多處露天開採遺址和坑道遺址。除此之外，與其相鄰的冶鍊場、日常生活場所遺址也完整保留有 1,000 多處 At Iwami Ginzan the entire process, from digging to refining, was carried out manually. This is clearly shown by over 900 remaining areas of outcroppings and mine shafts in the mountains, along with 1,000 small flat tracts of land in the vicinity where refineries and dwellings were built.
展示白銀開採到運輸過程，村落與文化景觀保存完好 The complete industrial system, from silver production to shipment is on display in its entirety
- 石見銀山遺跡完好地保存了以銀山柵內為中心的銀礦山遺跡、古城遺址、代官所及關聯設施遺址，因銀山的開採而繁榮的礦山街道和港口城鎮至今仍是當地居民生活的場所，並成為了重要傳統建築物群保存區 At Iwami Ginzan, it’s not just the remnants of silver-producing mines, but also the fortresses, magistrate buildings, merchant and samurai residences that make up the mining towns as well as the trade routes used to transport silver, the ports and port towns; in other words the entire industrial system that holds people’s interest. Even today, people are living and working in these areas in various capacities.
銀礦山遺址「銀山地區」Silver Mine Area
- 位於石見銀山西南方向的銀山地區是石見銀山的中心地區，這裏的特徵是遍佈叫做『間步』的坑道，龍源寺閒步和大久保間步已經開放。The Silver Mine area includes mine shafts and ruins from the area’s mining period as well as a few temples and shrines.
石見銀山世界遺產中心 (センター) Iwami Ginzan (Silver Mine) World Heritage Center
- https://ginzan.city.oda.lg.jp/
- a. 展示概要 Overview of Exhibition
- https://ginzan.city.oda.lg.jp/about_us/display/
- 1. 世界史上所記載的石見銀山 Iwami Ginzan Carved in World History
- 2. 石見銀山的歷史與礦山技術 History and Mining Technology of Iwami Ginzan
- 3. 石見銀山的調查研究 Research on Iwami Ginzan
- 4. 石見銀山遺址與其文化景觀 Iwami Ginzan Archeological Site and its Cultural Landscape
- b. 体験 Experience
- https://ginzan.city.oda.lg.jp/about_us/experience/
- c. 開館時閒 Opening Hours: 8:30 – 17:30
- d. 休館日 Closed: 每月最後一個星期二 The last Tuesday of every month、年末年初 Year-end and New Year period
- e. 有料展示室観覧料 Admission to Exhibition Room (外國遊客優惠 For Overseas Visitors): 成人 Adults: ¥ 200 / 孩童 Children: ¥ 100
石見銀山資料館 Iwami Silvermine (Ginzan) Museum (代官所跡 Former Magistrate’s Office)
- https://igmuseum.jp/
- 資料館位於 1902 年建成的「代官所」遺址，館內展示著銀山平面圖、古文獻、奉行和地方官的墨筆等有關銀山的資料 , 完整呈現了江戶幕府對石見銀山的管理、經營以及銀山的技術和地下資源 Once the estate of Tokugawa Shogunate mine administrators, the building now houses ancient documents, maps, research facilities, and other materials relating to the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine.
- a. 開館時閒 Opening Hours: 9:30 – 17:00
- b. 休館日 Closed: 週二 Tue.、週三 Wed. & 12 / 29 – 1 / 4
- c. 入館料 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 600 / 孩童 Children: ¥ 300
- d. 所在地Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町ハ51-1
- 〒 694-0305 Shimane, Oda, Omoricho,ハ51-1
傳統街道交流中心 (大森地區法院遺址) Townscape Community Center
- 街道交流中心原本是 1888 年建成的大森地區法院。館內的展廳除了播放介紹石見銀山歷史和生活的錄像外，還展出城市模型，原法院也在此重現，遊客可以了解明治時期法庭的情形 Climb up the stairs into the building and here you will find a video corner. You will come to understand much about Iwami Ginzan after watching this video and strolling through the street of the town. The courtyard of the Omori district court house has also been re-created here.
礦山小鎮「大森街道」Mining Settlements – Omori Town
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区 Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings
- 大森地區是緊鄰礦山發展起來的小鎮，大森曾經是幕府直轄地的中心，其特徵是武士宅邸、商鋪、行政設施、神社寺院等混雜分佈於此。細長的街道全長 0.8 km，充滿歷史和文化氣息的小鎮上隨處可見古代民家改造而成的商店和咖啡館 Besides the Silver mine area, there stands the town of Omori-cho which developed together with the mines. The road, extending for a distance of 1 km parallel to the river, retains vestiges of the former times when it was lined with the Magistrate’s Office, old samurai residences, stores, shrines, and so on. It might also be fun to stop by at old wooden houses that have been refurbished into cafés and craft shops.
温泉津 Yunotsu
- 重要伝統的建造物群保存地区 Important Preservation District for Groups of Traditional Buildings
- 溫泉津是鄰接溫泉所建築的港口，為銀礦區供應食物、燃料、建築材料、酒，煙草和其他必需品的主要港口 Once a modest fishing village and little-known onsen (hot spring), Yunotsu flourished as the main port supplying the silver mine with food, fuel, building materials, alcohol, tobacco, and other basic goods.
- 現在的溫泉津大多數建築相當古老，許多可以回溯到大正時代，現在仍有 2 個溫泉浴場在營業中 Most buildings in Yunotsu today are quite old. Many of them date back to the Taisho era, giving the town an old-fashioned charm. Modern-day Yunotsu is also famous for its hot springs; the two onsen baths still in business.
大久保坑道 (閒步) Okubo Mabu Mine Shaft
- http://www.iwami.or.jp/ginzan/
- 石見銀山規模最大級坑道跡，坑道內規模最大的挖掘空間高 20 m、深 30 m、寬 15 m，需參加一般公開限定導覽行程，方可入內參觀 The largest and most impressive mine shaft in Iwami Ginzan, only opened to the public for guided tours only. The largest excavation space in the tunnel is 20 m high, 30 m deep and 15 m wide.
- a. 實施時間 Opening Hours: 3 / 1 – 11 / 30 的週五、週六、週日、國定假日 Fri., Sat., Sun., and National Holidays・お盆期間 Obon Period
- b. 行程 Tour
- http://www.iwami.or.jp/ginzan/naiyou/index.html
- 駐車場 Parking Lot + 徒步 350 m walk -> 金生坑 Kinsei Mine + 徒步 200 m -> 大久保坑道 (閒步) Okubo Mabu Mine Shaft -> 折返 Return
- 1. 運行予定時間 Operating Time: 9:45 – 11:50 / 11:00 – 13:05 / 12:30 – 14:35 / 13:45 – 15:50
- 2. 所需時間 Time Required: 約 2 小時 About 2 hrs
- 3. 費用 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 3,700 / 孩童 Children (小中學生 Elementary & Jr. High School Students): ¥ 2,700
- 4. 予約 Reservation – 完全予約制 Reservation Required
- http://www.iwami.or.jp/ginzan/yoyaku/index.html
- 5. 集合場所 Meeting Place: 石見銀山 世界遺産センター Iwami Ginzan World Heritage Center
- 6. 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町
- Omoricho, Oda, Shimane 694-0305
龍源寺坑道 (間步) Ryugenji-mabu Mine Shaft
- https://www.all-iwami.com/spot/detail_1007.html
- 開採銀礦的坑道稱為「間步」，石見銀山有 900 餘條大小各類的間步，其中龍源寺間步是規模最大的間步之一，在江戶時代中期開山，曾經是代官所直營的坑道。1988 年的考古調查中，在坑口附近發現了當年鑽探礦脈的痕跡，內部殘留著無數工人們用鑿子鑿刻的痕跡。1989 年經修整後該坑道內部的道路貫通，遊客可以入內參觀 In the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine there are over 900 mine shafts of various sizes known as “mabu,” among which Ryugenji-mabu is one of the largest .This long shaft was created during the middle of the Edo period, the area open to the public is 157 m long. Chisel marks can still be seen on the walls. Inside the shaft, visitors can view the “Iwami Ginzan Picture Scroll” and understand traditional mining at Iwami Ginzan.
- a.營業時閒 Opening Hours: 3 月 Mar. – 11 月 Nov.: 9:00 – 17:00 / 12 月 Dec. – 2 月 Feb.: 9:00 – 16:00
- b. 定休日 Closed: 1 / 1
- c. 料金 Admission Fee
- 高校生以上 Sr. High School Students and above: ¥ 410
- 小．中學生 Elementary & Jr. High School Students: ¥ 210
- d. 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町ニ183
- 〒 694-0305 Shimane, Oda, Omoricho,ニ183
清水谷製錬所跡 Shimizudani Refinery Ruins
- https://www.ginzan-wm.jp/purpose_post/simizudaniseirensyo/
- 這座建成於 1895 年的大型冶鍊所採用當時最先進的冶鍊技術，負責明治時期石見銀山地區的白銀生產。雖然冶鍊所不復存在，但是週邊的曠工住宅遺址、變電所遺址、選礦場遺址和礦山道還在傳達當年冶鍊白銀的情形 This is a ruin of a modern Refinery that adopted western techniques. It was active for only one year; however, its huge stone walls remain and remind us of old times.
- 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町銀山ホ203
- 〒 694-0305 Shimane, Oda, Omoricho, 銀山ホ203
熊谷家住宅 House of the Kumagai Family
- http://kumagai.city.oda.lg.jp/
- 熊谷家住宅是大森銀山地區最大的商家建築，熊谷家族過去經營金融業和製酒業，大森代官所的物資和徵收地租也是事業之一，在 19 世紀是大森地區最有實力的商人之一。其住宅建成於 1801 年，1998 年被指定為國家重要文化遺產，復原了其江戶時代到明治時代的面貌。熊谷家住宅展出方式獨特，除了根據季節的不同而更換室內陳設 It is worthwhile to take a look at the House of the Kumagai Family, which is the largest surviving Japanese-style house in this area, illustrative of the lifestyle of the merchants who enjoyed prosperity owing to the silver production 150 years ago. Erected in 1801, this house has been designated as an Important Cultural Asset of Japan. The furniture and other household articles as well as the garments that were actually used are exhibited, and these are not only interesting for their historical associations with the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine but will also shed a light on the traditional lifestyle of the Japanese back then.
- 国指定重要文化財 Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property
- 1. 主屋 Main House
- 2. 北道具蔵 North Tool Storehouse
- 3. 小蔵 Small Storehouse
- 4. 衣装蔵 Clothing Storehouse
- 5. 東道具蔵 East Tool Storehouse
- 6. 米蔵 Rice Storehouse・雑蔵 Miscellaneous Storehouse
- a. 營業時閒 Opening Hours: 9:30 – 17:00
- b. 定休日 Closed: 星期二 Tue.、年末年初 Year-end and New Year Period (12 / 29 – 1 / 3)
- c. 料金 Admission Fee
- 高校生以上 Sr. High School Students and above: ¥ 520
- 小．中學生 Elementary & Jr. High School Students: ¥ 100
- d. 体験学習．見學 Experience
- http://kumagai.city.oda.lg.jp/5.html
- 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町ハ63
- ハ63 Omoricho, Oda, Shimane 694-0305
武家屋敷 Samurai House 旧河島家 Former Kawashima Residence
- http://kumagai.city.oda.lg.jp/10.html
- 在大森代官所工作的武士被稱為地方官吏，世代經營銀礦，控制銀礦領地，前河島家建成於 1800 年，是唯一開放參觀的上級武士和銀礦官員的住所，佈局設置完整保存了武家住宅的特徵 This is the only former samurai residence in Iwami Ginzan area open to the public. The property is surrounded by a high fence and gate entrance, with a garden facing onto the street and the main house at the rear.
- a. 營業時閒 Opening Hours: 9:30 – 16:30
- b. 定休日 Closed: 週二 Tue. & 年末年初 Year-end and New Year Period
- c. 料金 Admission Fee
- 高校生以上 Sr. High School Students and above: ¥ 200
- 小．中學生 Elementary & Jr. High School Students: ¥ 100
- d. 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町ハ118-1
- ハ118-1 Omoricho, Oda, Shimane 694-0305
五百羅漢 Gohyaku-rakan・羅漢寺 Rakan-ji Temple
- 為了紀念銀山的曠工和先祖，在 18 世紀後半期時 ，耗時 25 年打造而成羅漢寺的五百羅漢，左右兩邊石窟中一共安置了 500 尊形形色色喜怒哀樂表情生動栩栩如生的石造羅漢像 Rakan-ji, which stands halfway down one of these highways, was a temple founded in 1766 for the repose of the souls of the people who had worked at the Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine. Inside the caves carved out in the rocky mountain, Buddhist statues are enshrined, surrounded by as many as 500 stone arhat figures (known as Gohyaku-rakan) all engraved with a variety of expressions.
- 營業時間 Opening Hours: 9:00 – 17:00
- 料金 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 400 / 孩童 Children: ¥ 200
觀世音寺 Kanzeon-ji Temple
- 在江戶時代，這座觀世音寺是大森代官所為石見銀山祈福的請願寺，走上石梯，只見両尊怒目圓睜的仁王像站立在朱門両側，旁邊還有十六尊羅漢像。這裡還是俯瞰整條大森街道的最佳場所，從觀世音寺往下眺望，大森街道的風情盡收眼底 Kanzeon-ji Temple is located on a rocky mountain; it was a place where shogunate administrator prayed for Iwami Ginzan. From this temple, visitors can have a full view of the whole Omori town.
勝源寺 Shogenji Temple
- 供奉有石見銀山 18 位奉行代官的牌位，東照宮里還安置著以德川家康為首的 12 位將軍的牌位。 此外，令棟方志公 ( 二十世紀日本現代版畫家的代表人物之一) 拍案叫絕的欄閒雕刻，家康及其他將軍畫像，羅漢圖，瑪麗亞觀音像等都值得一看 The gate and temple are adorned with stunning carvings. Inside the temple there are pictures and gold statues of the deity Kannon.
- 營業時閒 Opening Hours: 9:30 – 17:00
- 料金 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 500 / 孩童 Children: ¥ 100
佐毘売山神社 Sahimeyama Shrine
- 神社內供奉着冶鍊之神「金山彥命」，當地人親切地稱之為山神先生，這座全日本最大的山神社現存建築物重建於 1819 年 The Sahimeyama Shrine was built for a guardian deity of Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine in the mid-fifteenth century. The present building was reconstructed in 1819. The deity is worshipped in this area as the protector of the silver mine.
城上神社 Kigami Shrine
- 前殿的雙重屋頂是罕見的建築式樣，天花板上描繪著三瓶狩野派画師梶谷邻斎的 作品「鸣龍」，站在画下拍手會傳來奇妙的响聲音 The worship hall (a Prefectural Cultural Treasure) has an unusual design including a double pent roof with Chinese and Japanese features, and a two-layer gabled and hipped main roof. On the coffered ceiling of the worship hall is a richly colored painting of a roaring dragon. If you sit under the mural and clap your hands, the ceiling and floor give off echoes.
交通 Access
- 石見交通 Iwami Kotsu
- http://iwamigroup.jp/publics/index/6/
- 1. JR 山陰本線 Sanin Main Line 大田市駅 Odashi Sta. – 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office – 大森 Omori – 世界遺產センター World Heritage Center
- a. 仁万線 Nima Line
- 2. JR 仁万駅 Nima Sta. – 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office – 大森 Omori – 世界遺產センター World Heritage Center
- b. 大田広島線 Odashi Hiroshima Line【石見銀山号 Iwami Ginzan】
- 3. 大田市駅 Odashi Sta. – 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office – 世界遺產センター World Heritage Center – 広島新幹線口 Hiroshima Shinkansen Entrance – 広島バスセンター Hiroshima Bus Center
- 4. 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office <-> 大森 Omori <-> 世界遺產センター World Heritage Center
- c. 石見銀山大森町 Iwami Ginzan(Silver Mine) Omoricho – ぎんざんカート Ginzan Cart
- (1) 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office – 熊谷家住宅前 House of the Kumagai Family – 町並み交流センター前 Omori Community Center – 銀山口自治会館前 Ginzanguchi Community Center – 下河原吹屋跡 Shimogawara Smelter – 清水寺前駐車場 Seisuiji Rest Area – 新切間步 Shinkiri Mabu Mine Shaft – 能源寺間步入口 Ryugenji Mabu Mine Shaft
- (2) 高橋佳住宅 Former Takahashi Residence – 新切間步 Shinkiri Mabu Mine Shaft – 清水寺前駐車場 Seisuiji Rest Area – 下河原吹屋跡 Shimogawara Smelter – 石見銀山公園 Iwami Ginzan Park – 大森Omori – 大森代官所跡 Omori Former Magistrate’s Office
自行車出租 Bicycle Rental – 建議租電動自行車 Recommend to Rent Electric Bicycle
- https://ohomori-ginzan.jp/rentcy/
- a. 河村 Kawamura
- 営業時間 Opening Hours: 8:30 – 17:00
- (1) 電動自行車 Electric Bicycle – 2 小時 hours: ¥ 700 延長 30 分 Additional 30 min.: ¥ 200
- (2) 普通自行車 Bicycle – 3 小時 hours: ¥ 500 延長 30 分 Additional 30 min.: ¥ 100
- 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町宮ノ前ハ48-1
- 〒 694-0305 Shimane, Oda, Ōmorichō, 宮ノ前48-1
- b. 弥七 Yashichi
- 営業時間 Opening Hours: 9:00 – 17:00
- Tel: 080 – 4264 – 0087
- 電動自行車 Electric Bicycle – 2 小時 hours: ¥ 700 延長 30 分 Additional 30 min.: ¥ 200
- 普通自行車 Bicycle – 3 小時 hours: ¥ 500 延長 30 分 Additional 30 min.: ¥ 100
- 所在地 Location
- 〒 694-0305 島根県大田市大森町イ780-1
- イ780-1 Omoricho, Oda, Shimane 694-0305
參考文獻 References
- 大田市観光協会
- https://www.ginzan-wm.jp/inbound/
- https://www.ginzan-wm.jp/inbound/inbound_ginzan/
- 2020 Shimane Prefectural Government
- https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/life/bunka/bunkazai/ginzan/multilanguagedisplay/iwamiginzantraditionalchinese.html
- https://www.pref.shimane.lg.jp/life/bunka/bunkazai/ginzan/multilanguagedisplay/iwamiginzanenglish.html
- 2006-2025 The Restoration of KUMAGAI Residence, Important Cultural Properties
- http://kumagai.city.oda.lg.jp/