熊野三山 Kumano Sanzan & 熊野古道 Kumano Kodo – 世界遺產〔遗产〕World Heritage

https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/themes/world-heritage-the-kumano-kodo-pilgrimage-routes/

https://en.visitwakayama.jp/themes/world-heritage-the-kumano-kodo-pilgrimage-routes/

https://nachikan.jp/spot/

https://nachikan.jp/en/spot/

世界遺產 World Heritage

• 2004 年 7 月 7 日，熊野三山三大神社，與接連其間的參拜古道，以「紀伊山地的聖地和參拜道」之名，受聯合國教科文組織登錄為世界遺產，範圍包括熊野三山、和歌山縣的高野山、以及奈良縣的吉野．大峯三處聖地 On July 7, 2004, the three sacred shrine sites, Nachisan Seiganto-ji Temple, and the arterial pilgrimage routes, were designated as World Heritage Sites as the “Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range.” The site includes the Kumano Sanzan and Koyasan in Wakayama Prefecture, and Yoshino & Omine in Nara Prefecture.

熊野三山 Kumano Sanzan

• 熊野速玉大社 (新宮市)、熊野那智大社 (那智勝浦町)、熊野本宮大社 (田辺市)，這三大神社總稱為熊野三山 The sacred sites collectively known as Kumano Sanzan, are Kumano Hayatama Taisha Grand Shrine (Shingu), Kumano Nachi Taisha Grand Shrine and neighboring Nachisan Seiganto-ji Temple (Nachi-Katsuura), and Kumano Hongu Taisha Grand Shrine (Tanabe).
• 熊野三山將傳統的神道和佛教結合在一起，人稱神佛習合 Kumano Sanzan combined the Shinto and Buddhist faiths into one, known as Shinbutsu-shugo.

A. 熊野本宮大社 Kumano Hongu Taisha Grand Shrine

• https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_18/
• https://en.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_18/
• 国指定重要文化財 Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property
• 熊野本宮大社，是熊野三山之一，自平安時代開始，便有很多人向往這個聖地，美麗的絲柏樹皮神社，充斥著莊嚴的氛圍 Kumano Hongu Taisha is one of the Kumano Sanzan shrines and a holy place that has been visited by many people since the Heian period. The beautiful main shrine buildings with a cypress bark roof create a solemn atmosphere.
• 大斎原鳥居 Oyunohara Gate
• https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_197/
• https://en.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_197/
• 熊野本宮大社旧社地 The original site of Kumano Hongu Taisha Grand Shrine
• 鳥居高 33.9 m、寬 42 m，是世界上最大的鳥居 Measuring 33.9 m tall and 42 m wide, stands the world’s largest Torii shrine gate.
• 住址 Address
• 〒 647-1731 和歌山県田辺市本宮町本宮1110
• 1110 Hongucho Hongu, Tanabe, Wakayama 647-1731
• 交通 Access
• 龍神自動車 Ryujin Jidosya
• https://www.ryujinbus.com/routebus/
• a. 熊野本宮線 Kumano Hongu Line
• https://www.ryujinbus.com/route/kumano_hongu/
• https://www.ryujinbus.com/en/route/kumano_hongu/
• 1. JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 紀伊田辺駅 Kii-Tanabe Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• b. 聖地巡礼バス Koyasan & Kumano Access Bus
• https://www.ryujinbus.com/route_jyunrei/koya_hongu/
• https://www.ryujinbus.com/en/route_jyunrei/koya_hongu/
• 2. 南海電気鉄道 Nankai Electric Railway 鋼索線 Cable Line 高野山駅前 Koyasan Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• c. 明光バス Meiko Bus – 快速 Rapid 熊野古道号 Kumano Kodo
• https://meikobus.jp/kumanokodo/
• 3. (91) 田辺駅前 Tanabe Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• 4. (90) JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 新宮駅 Shingu Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• d. 熊野御坊南海バス Kumano Gobo Nankai Bus – 川丈線 Kawatake Line
• https://kumanogobobus.nankai-nanki.jp/local/kumano/
• 5. (51)(53) JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 新宮駅 Shingu Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• e. 奈良交通 Nara Kotsu – 八木新宮特急バス Yagi Shingu Express Bus
• https://www.narakotsu.co.jp/rosen/yagi-shingu/totsukawa-timetable.html
• 6. 大和八木駅 (南) Yamatoyagi Sta. (South) – 高田市駅 Takadashi Sta. – 五条駅 Gojo Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk
• 7. 新宮駅 Shingu Sta. – 本宮大社前 Hongu Taisha-mae + 徒歩5分 5-min walk

B. 熊野速玉大社 Kumano Hayatama Taisha Grand Shrine

• https://kumanohayatama.jp/
• https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_19/
• https://en.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_19/
• 朱紅色的熊野速玉大社是熊野三山三大神社之一 The vermillion Kumano Hayatama Taisha Grand Shrine is one of the three Kumano Sanzan Shrines. 全国熊野神社総本宮 Kumano Shrine Main Shrine
• a. 神倉神社 Kamikura Shrine
• 熊野大神在被供奉為熊野三山之前最初降臨的聖地 The sacred place where Kumano Okami first descended before it was enshrined as the Kumano Sanzan.
• 〒 647-0081 和歌山県新宮市神倉1丁目13-8
• 1 Chome-13-8 Kamikura, Shingu, Wakayama 647-0081
• 新宮駅 Shingu Sta. + 步行17分 17-min walk
• b. 竹柏 Conifer Tree – 国天然紀念物 National Designated Natural Monument
• 被視為神樹，是全日本最高大的樹 A sacred tree and the largest of its type in Japan.
• 住址 Address
• 〒 647-0081 和歌山県新宮市新宮1番地
• 1 Shingu, Shingu City, Wakayama 647-0081
• 交通 Access
• JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 新宮駅 Shingu Sta. + 步行18分 18-min walk

C. 熊野那智大社 Kumano Nachi Taisha Shrine – 櫻〔樱〕(桜) Sakura & 紅葉〔红叶〕Autumn Leaves

• https://kumanonachitaisha.or.jp/
• 国指定重要文化財 Nationally Designated Important Cultural Property
• a. 宝物殿 Treasure Hall
• 宝物殿常設展示刀剣・古鏡・古祭具・参詣曼荼羅・古文書・経塚出土品等 The treasure hall permanently displays swords, old mirrors, old ritual implements, pilgrimage mandalas, ancient documents, and artifacts excavated from sutra mounds.
• 開館時間 Opening Hours: 8:30 – 15:30
• 休館日 Closed: 週三 Wed.
• 拝観料 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 300 / 中小學生 Jr. & Elementary School Students: ¥ 200
• b. 桜 Sakura
• 枝垂桜 (しだれざくら) Shidare-Sakura Weeping Cherry Tree & 秀衡桜 Hidehira-zakura
• 賞桜時期 Cherry Blossom Viewing Period: 3 月下旬 Late Mar. – 4 月上旬 Early Apr.
• 桜花祭 Cherry Blossom Festival: 每年 4 月 14 日 Apr. 14 Every Year
• c. 紅葉 Autumn Leaves
• 神社周邊和那智瀑布都被美麗的紅葉所覆蓋 The area around the shrine and Nachi Falls are surrounded by beautiful autumn leaves.
• 那智大滝の紅葉 The Autumn Leaves of Nachi Falls
• 最佳觀賞期間 Best Time to See: 11 月上旬 Early Nov. – 11 月下旬 Late-Nov.
• 紅葉祭 Autumn Leaves Festival: 每年 11 月 14 日 Nov. 14 Every Year
• d. 那智御瀧 (瀑布) Nachi Waterfall
• 国指定名勝 National Places of Scenic Beauty
• 日本 3 大名瀑之一 One of the three great waterfalls of Japan
• 高 133 m、銚子口の寬 13 m、瀧壺の深 10 m、落下水量毎秒 1 噸 133 m high, 13 m wide at the Choshi mouth, and 10 m deep basin and the amount of water falling is about 1 ton per second.
• 那智瀑布觀景台 Viewing Stage
• 祈求長壽和健康 Pray for long life and good health
• 参入料 Admission Fee: 成人 Adults: ¥ 300 / 中小學生 Jr. & Elementary School Students: ¥ 200
• 熊野御坊南海バス Kumano Gobo Nankai Bus – 那智山線 Nachisan Line
• https://kumanogobobus.nankai-nanki.jp/local/kumano/
• (31) JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 紀伊勝浦駅 Kiikatsuura Sta. – 那智の滝前 Nachi-no-Taki-mae

那智山青岸渡寺 Nachisan Seiganto-ji Temple

• https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_22/
• https://en.visitwakayama.jp/venues/venue_22/
• 正殿與熊野那智大社一樣作為寺廟的聖地，祈禱經濟繁榮發達，是熊野最古老的建築物 Prospering as a sacred ground along with Kumano Nachi Taisha Grand Shrine, this temple is the oldest structure in Kumano.
• 境內可眺望到那智的瀑布、那智原始森林、太平洋 The precincts are renowned for their magnificent views of Nachi Falls, Nachi Primeval Forest, and the Pacific Ocean.
• 那智山青岸渡寺の本堂後方看去，朱紅色的三重塔與那智瀑布相映成趣，是必看景點 Behind the main hall, there is a vermillion triple tower towering beautifully in harmony with Nachi Falls, which is a must-see photo spot.
• 御神木の梛の木 The sacred tree of Nachi – 據說代表著安全健康 Represent safe health
• 住址 Address
• 〒 649-5301 和歌山県東牟婁郡那智勝浦町那智山1
• 1 Nachisan, Nachikatsuura, Higashimuro District, Wakayama 649-5301
• 交通 Access
• 熊野御坊南海バス Kumano Gobo Nankai Bus – 那智山線 Nachisan Line
• https://kumanogobobus.nankai-nanki.jp/local/kumano/
• (31) JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 紀伊勝浦駅 Kiikatsuura Sta. – 那智山 Nachiyama / Nachisan + 步行15分 15-min walk

熊野古道 Kumano Kodo (熊野参詣道 Kumano Pilgrimage Route)

• 這片靜謐的紀伊山地，沿著不同的山徑，前往受人崇敬的熊野三山，而這些不同的山路，被統稱為熊野古道，7 條路線分別為中辺路 (主要路線)、大辺路、小辺路、伊勢路、町石道、吉野以及大峯路線 People have journeyed to the tranquil Kii Mountains, following many pilgrimage routes to the revered Kumano Sanzan Shrines. The various paths are known collectively as the Kumano Kodo. The seven routes are the Nakahechi (the main route), Ohechi, Kohechi, Iseji, the Choishi-michi Route which links the sacred Shingon Buddhist Koyasan to the Kumano Shrines, and the Yoshino & Omine route.
• 熊野古道與聖地亞哥朝聖之路 (西班牙) Kumano Kodo and the Way of St. James (Spain) – 世界上唯二被聯合國教科文組織登錄為世界遺產的參拜道 The world’s only two UNESCO World Heritage-listed pilgrimage routes
• a. 大門坂 Daimon-zaka Slope
• 通往那智山聖地的大門坂，擁有約 650 m 長的鵝卵石路面，至今仍保留著原來的面貌 Leading to the sacred Mt. Nachi, Daimon-zaka Slope is of particular note with its cobblestone path of about 2100 ft (650m) that retains its appearance of the time.
• 交通 Access
• 熊野御坊南海バス Kumano Gobo Nankai Bus – 那智山線 Nachisan Line
• https://kumanogobobus.nankai-nanki.jp/local/kumano/
• (31) JR 紀勢本線 Kisei Main Line 紀伊勝浦駅 Kiikatsuura Sta. – 大門坂 Daimonzaka + 步行5分 5-min walk
• b. かけぬけ道 The Kakenuke-michi Path
• 通往妙法山阿弥陀寺的古道，朝聖者沿著佈滿青苔的小路前往妙法山，沿途的石板路和石碑仍保留著當年的樣子，可以感受到熊野古道跨越 1,000 多年的悠久歷史 The Kakenuke-michi path can be followed to the Myohosan Amida Temple. Pilgrims follow the mossy path to Myohosan Mountain. The cobblestones and stone monuments along the way retain the appearance of the time, hinting at the long history of Kumano Kodo written over more than 1000 years.
• c. 八咫烏 The Three-Legged Crow
• 自古以來就出現在日本神話中，據說引導第一代天皇神武天皇從熊野到大和 (現在的奈良縣) This is the statue of the Yatagarasu, a three-legged crow from Japanese myth. In the ancient Japanese chronicles Kojiki and Nihon shoki, the Yatagarasu appeared as servant of Amaterasu-no-Okami, the goddess of the sun. It was sent to guide the legendary first emperor Jimmu from Kumano to present-day Nara, where he founded the first national capital.

參考文獻 References

• Tourism Exchange Division, Wakayama Prefectural Government.
• https://tw.visitwakayama.jp/themes/world-heritage-the-kumano-kodo-pilgrimage-routes/
• https://en.visitwakayama.jp/themes/world-heritage-the-kumano-kodo-pilgrimage-routes/
• NACHI KATSUURA TOURISM ORGANIZATION 2023
• https://nachikan.jp/spot/
• https://nachikan.jp/en/spot/