- 石見銀山位於島根縣的中心，是 16 世紀至 20 世紀開採銀的鉱山遺跡。登録範囲包括開採和提煉銀的鉱山跡、山麓的鉱山町、運送銀和銀鉱石的銀山街道、港口及港町。大航海時代灰吹法的精錬技術生産部分的銀流入歐洲，也促進了東西方的經濟和文化交流。石見銀山自江戸末期開始開採銀鉱，1943 年完全閉山，仍保留與当時銀山関連施設及 600 條坑道，展示銀鉱山全体像和産業遺産 The Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine, located almost in the center of Shimane Prefecture, is a mining site where silver was mined from the 16th to the 20th century. The registered area includes the remains of mines where silver was mined and refined, the mining town that spreads out at the foot of the mountain, the silver mine highway that was used to transport silver and silver ore to the coast, and the port town that was a port for shipping silver. and so on. It is said that part of the silver produced by a refining technique called the Haibuki method flowed out to Europe during the Age of Discovery, promoting not only the development of Japan but also economic and cultural exchanges between the East and West. The Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine has been depleted of silver ore since the end of the Edo period, and was completely closed in 1943. However, 600 tunnels and other facilities related to the silver mine remain, making it an industrial heritage that shows the overall picture of the silver mine.
- 石見銀山遺跡及其文化景觀 – 位於本州島西南部的石見銀山遺跡是一組山脈，海拔 600 米，被深深的河谷截斷，以大型礦藏、熔岩和優美的地貌為主，是 16 世紀至 20 世紀開采和提煉銀子的礦山遺址。這一帶還有用來將銀礦石運輸至海岸的運輸路線，以及通往韓國和中國的港口城鎮。通過運用尖端技術提煉出來的優質白銀和開採到的大量白銀，大大促進了 16 世紀至 17 世紀日本和東南亞經濟的整體發展，促進了日本白銀和黃金的大規模生產。礦山現在被濃密的森林所覆蓋。遺址上還建有堡壘、神龕、部分山道運輸線以及三個運輸銀礦的港口城鎮：Tomogaura、Okidomari 和 Yunotsu。石見銀山是日本戰國時代後期、江戶時代前期日本最大的銀礦山，其產量曾佔當時全球的 30 %，產量相當驚人，於明治時期也曾生產銅、鐵等礦產，但已於 1923 年閉山。礦脈位於石見國東部，相當於今日島根縣大田市大森地區的中央位置，故又稱大森銀山。早期開採區為以仙山山頂周遭的銀礦石，在開發間陸續發現黃銅礦、黃鐵礦、方鉛礦等礦脈。一般礦山開發時在精煉部份會耗去山林裡很多薪炭類木材，可是石見銀山封山已久看不出當時破壞的情形，況且灰吹法使用的是煤炭，而非較低溫的木炭(800℃ 以下，銀熔點約 960℃)，所以至今銀山附近仍保留相當完整的闊葉森林地貌，因此曾入選 2007 年日本地質百選。明治維新後，石見銀山曾交由民間團隊經營，但效能不彰，最終在 1943 年，完全封山。銀山在 1969 年時成為日本國指定史跡。2007 年被聯合國教科文組織列入世界遺產。位於此處羅漢寺的反橋被列入日本百名橋 The Iwami Ginzan (石見銀山) was an underground silver mine in the city of Ōda, in Shimane Prefecture on the main island of Honshu, Japan.[1] It was the largest silver mine in Japanese history. It was active for almost four hundred years, from its discovery in 1526 to its closing in 1923. The mines, mining structures, and surrounding cultural landscape – listed as the “Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape” – became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2007.
參考文獻 References
- 『Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and its Cultural Landscape』UNESO
- https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1246
- 維基百科，自由的百科全書 – 石見銀山遺跡及其文化景觀